Comments from my target audience (Teenagers) about my magazine that i have produced

Becca (17 years of age);

From a teenagers viewpoint the comments that she said in which she liked about my magazine was that it was obvious for both of the magazines the context in which i was wanting to come across. For example she stated that she liked the red, and black theme which were classic "Rock" colours, which she said made my magazine stand out from other ones which she compaired mine too. Also she said that the title of my music magazine "Riot" was very eye catching and was the first thing that drew her eyes, too which made the image which was black and white stand out and the genre is clearly shown throughout this.

Sophie (16 years of age);

From a teenagers viewpoint sophie has said that some of the same points that becca has made for example; she thought that for my double page spread the fact that i have made a cd/album cover for driven overboard which made my magazine look very professional and something which you would find in a major retail outlet.Also she said that the title of my music magazine "Riot" was very eye catching and was the first thing that drew her eyes, too which made the image which was black and white stand out and the genre is clearly shown throughout this.

Overall they really liked my magazine and thought that the ideas and images, as well as the colours used and overall they said that they would buy it if it was in a shop, and that it appeals to its target audience (teenagers) very well.

Atextual analysis of rolling stones,Q,and bilboard

The popular music magazine "Rolling Stones" covers in a wide variety of music and R'n'B to rock to pop. It was named after a song sung by Muddy Waters. It started out as a political ,magazine but changed itself to appeal to younger readers. It is based in the USA as that's where it started off, its published every 2 weeks, they mainly competing against the popular men's magazine FHM. The style of rolling stones magazine is very professional and organised. The articles within the magazine are laid out in the same style that the front cover is laid out. It very informative and the layout will go with the feature inside. The way that is talks to their audience is that they use a formal manner however they also use interesting texts, and language techniques so that the reader will Carry on with their reading. The age audience that they are targeting is about the age 16+ because they use different types of music in very issue that they have, as well as some political arguments which are included. The gender they aim for is a mixture of males and females, due to the language techniques, colour scheme and images that they use. For example; the image on the front of the magazines issue determines what type of gender the issue is focused on for example; if there is a half naked woman on the front modelling a rock star image with the clothes she does have on, this can be argued that this is for a male target audience, and vise versa.
The history of the rolling stones magazine was that In the late 1960s Jann Wenner was an aspiring rock journalist and student at the University of California at Berkley. He loved music and dreamt of meeting his heroes Bob Dylan, John Lennon and Mick Jagger. In 1967 along with jazz critic Ralph Gleason, Wenner scraped together $7500 from friends and family and founded Rolling Stone magazine in San Francisco.
After just two years in publication Rolling Stone magazine was widely accepted as the most authoritative publication on rock and roll music. According to “The Uncensored History” by Robert Draper, published by Doubleday in 1990,“By 1989, Rolling Stone’s parent company, Straight Arrow Publishers, Inc was worth perhaps $250 million—over thirty thousand times its value twenty-two years before.”
Rolling Stone magazine’s editorial history includes a long line of now famous and successful photographers, writers and artists. Before Rolling Stone magazine there was no such thing as rock music photography. Barron Woman served as the first Rolling Stone staff photographer; Linda Eastman (later Linda McCartney) was the first woman photographer to shoot a Rolling Stone magazine cover; Annie Leibovitz served as the second staff photographer and Robert Kingsbury was the magazine’s first full-time art director.
Rolling Stone magazine was the starting place for many famous writers including Hunter S. Thompson, Cameron Crowe, Lester Bangs, Greil Marcus and many more.
Throughout its history Rolling Stone has featured top Hollywood actors, musicians and other famous personalities on its covers. According to the book “1,000 Rolling Stone Covers,” compiled by the magazine’s editors, Mick Jagger is the leader in most Rolling Stone magazine covers with 27 total.
Rolling Stone magazine lead the way on many now standard magazine industry practices including writing, photography and politics.
One of the most controversial trails the music magazine blazed was the advent of featuring nude celebrities on the magazine’s covers. The first celebrities to appear nude on Rolling Stone’s cover were John Lennon and Yoko Ono. The nude Lennon/Ono cover was the first issue of Rolling Stone magazine to sell-out. Since then Rolling Stone has featured many nude celebrities on its covers including Jennifer Aniston, Janet Jackson and Christina Aguilera.
The magazine’s size and format has long been a part of the legacy of the magazine. In the early 1970s Rolling Stone changed printers and went to a tabloid format increasing the sizes of the covers from 8.5 inches by 11 inches to 10. 5 inches by 15 inches. For the next 30 years the magazine remained over sized. However, in 2008 Wenner surveyed readers and later announced plans to go to a standard magazine size with its Oct 30 issue.
While Rolling Stone magazine is profitable single copy sales have fallen from 189,000 to 132,000 in the last nine years. Wenner hopes the new magazine-rack friendly size will appeal more to advertisers and readers.
The way that rolling stones represents things is very honest as it shows images of people near enough to perfect trying to give them an angelic look to them, as they have the men and the women who are usually airbrushed. The main aim of the magazine is to show the viewers what is actually happening in the world of music and althought they do have issues about drug and acholol abuse they aim this to be a seriosu matter as they address is as how not to live your life, not to copy the footsteps of these 'rock' stars. The only rules i think that they have is to inform the readers of the truth in reference to music.




The magazine Q is published in the unighted kingdom every month. Whithin the magazine they cover a wide variety of music, and there sub title used to be " The modern guide to music and more", they cover music, film,tv and tickets to gigs. They usually give away free gifts with issues to promote this magazine. It cost £3.90 to buy and it came out in 1986. The style of Q is very sophisticated and glamorous. The way that the cover is laid out out is very well structured, and the contents page is linked in with the magazine, and if similar to the Q front cover. The way that thr articles talk to the audience is in a formal way however it uses lots of interesting words, and images to draw the attention of the viwer. The target audience for this magazine is older teens, and younge adults, amd the gendre for this magazine is females, as if it was for males, males would be interested in finding out about all different types of music, however this one only focusses on some types of music. The way they draw the audience in is buy using images of well known scelebrities, and dark clothing to show that theyt are serious about their music. The aims of this magazine is to inform people about music, and give them an honest viewpoint about this, and they give the readers an insight into the celebrities lies. As appose to the rolling stones they do not have reference to sex, drugs, and alcohol, however if there was something along the lines of this nature in the interview, then they qould quote it.


The magazine Billboard has been running since 1984 is an unbiast popular music magazine set in this new magazine. It is mostly intended for music professionals such as record labels executives and DJ's. The styles of billboard magazine is a mix of popular chart music. The cover is laid out like a CD but minus all the text which is arround the picture. The article is laid out in a very simple way with the image which is on the right hand corner and the text which is in collumns. The way that they talk to their audience in an informative way. The target age group for this magazine is younge viewers as they have an image of stars such as miley cyrus on the front, and as she is a disney star this is targeted at a younger range of consumers. When stars like miley are dressed provocitavly then this can be seen as the magazine trying to appeal to a wider range of consumers, and older teenagers to younge adults. The main interestes of this magazine is who are the next big artists and imformation about these celebrities. Thne way in which they show people on the front cover is how they want to be portrayed, which is about their music, and to gibvbve you an idea about what types of genre they are into (musically). The magazine is shown in a possitive light as it is to give you an idea anbout what different types of music are out in the industry, and tickets to gigs, as well as the top news you would want to know about your favourtite celebrity. The aime sof this magazine are to inform to record lables of who the fresh new artist are and whether they are going to be the next big thing. They inform them of the story of how they got to the place that they are today, and how their fame has affected them for example; Justin beiber, and Jessie J being foundered on youtube, and recieving recording contracts from this. This magazine also does not include any referance to drinking or drug abuse as they are soley about the music in the charts, and look at things from a music industries perspective, rather than from fame hungry people wanting to know how to get famous. They are focussed on music.

First draft of my music magazine contents page

This is the first draft of my music magazine contents page, in which i looked at and then decided to change to make it allot more eye catching and to fit in with the rock genre, to come up with my final design of my music magazine's contents page.

7. Looking back at your pliminary task (The school magzine task) What do you think you have learnt in the progression from it to full project

Since creating my school magazine my knowolage of using work such as photoshop, and paint has increased considerably considering i had never used photoshop before. For example; i now know how to make different eleements of my magazine stand out and how to have an image that is as bit as i want it to be without it being out of focus. In addition to this i also learnt how to have an image and rub out all of the things that are not wanted and how to colour these in using different tools and adding different layers. An example of this can be my guitar pick which i have used on my contents page and my double page spread to be used as the page number, i have created this on paint and rubbed out all of the un-necissary white marks on this as well. A nother example is the 'RIOT' masthead i have also done this on paint, which i never thought i would know how to use, however now i am very confident when it comes to using these. I have also learnt how to download newer and more interesting fonts, which will increase the visual aspect to my magazine.

Overall my understanding of these different types of software has improved greatly throuhout this project as before i took media, i would ahve never needed to use softwear such as photoshop and paint, so therefore it has definatly given me a greater understanding of how these work, and therefore i will be able to use these in the future if ever i needed to. These software definatly helped me to produce my professional looking magazine.

6. What have you learnt about technologies from the process of constructing this project?

I used a Toshiba laptop to create my magazine on. I also used the computers that where in the library at my school, however the majority of my work was done using my laptop at home. a
I used a kingston memory stick to save all of my work and transfer my work onto the school computers.

I have also used photoshop to manipulate some of my images to make them a different colour to what they appeared to be at the begining, for example on my double page spread the images that are used at the bottom of the page have been manipulated to make thme stand out more. Also the image on the front cover of my music magazin has also been manipulated to make the guitar and bakground darker to make the guitarist stand out more.



I used a lumix psnsomic digital camera to take all of my photos on.

I also used paint to do the title of my music magazine 'RIOT' on


I also learnt how to use 'Adobe Photoshop CS3 to edit some of the images that i have used in my music magazine.



I also needed to use 'blogger' in order to create my blog, and post all of my research and planning activities on to this to show my progression throughout the year- as well as my final products that i have made and my evaluations.

5. How did you attract/ address your audience?

Shown above is three bar charts in which i asked 3 dufferent teenagers a serious of questions about my magazine and asked them to score this out of five. By looking at my results most of the questions i asked i have scored 4/5 for which is the highest region of scores. Therefore this proesnts to me that i am addressing my audience well considering that the people that i asked were teenagers around about the age in whcih i am aiming my product to be suitable for when finished.
I also feel that due to the images that i have used, adresses my audience well as for my music magazine there is a tennager on the front and vice versa for my school magazine however, I feel that the images at the bottom of the page on my school magazine which i have used, which are from the tallent show (which was a moulin rouge theme) produced and arranged by the sixth formers, and images from the grease school production, are more interesting for the students to want to read not just for the parents. As typically a school magazine is where the parents of the child who is attending the school would like to buy this as it tells them what is happening in the school and upcoming events etc, and that the child does not normally want to read this. However i feel that what i have included in this magazine, will be therefore more enticing for the students in the school. I also had "Win leeds tickets " on the front of this magazine so therefore this will also adress my audience alot more due to the fact that teenagers are very interested in festivals and the fact that there may be a change for them to win a ticket inside will be inticing for them to want to buy my magazine. I feel that i have done a lot of research whilst creating my magazine front covers etc, so therefore i have researched into which types of things should be included in magazine for different genres, so therefore i knew what to use for a school magazine, and then knew how to change this to fit my music magazine.
Also lots of people have commented on my work (teenagers), and some of the comments which they have made is that they would definatly buy this magazine and that they feel it is very professional looking, and looks like something that you would find in stores. They feel that it fits its purpose and fits the genre of each magazine, which has been carefully thought out with all of the codes and conventions to where the imaging, and writing would go.
I addressed my target audience by constantly asking them what their oppinions were about my work, and the comments they thought in which i could change my work to make it fit my target audience more and how it would be more eye catching etc. I was very open to constructive critism so therefore i feel that by being like this it has helped me with the progression with my magazine, and to have it turned out the way it is now.

4. who would be the audience for your media product?

The target audience for my magazine will be ages 15-19 male and female, however it has a slight biast towards the male fan base in the way that this magazine has been writted.

Typically he will be found constantly at gigs and listening to less established acts, such as; paramore, you me at six, all time low etc. His free time will be spent at concerts as shown above in the picture the picture below is at one of the concerts that the target audience for my music magazine have been to. Also the top image is my target audience with the tee shirts of less known acts ready and up for a gig to spend their free time at. They will be proper music lovers, and rather than worrying about how they look or where they buy their clothes from. They wont be worried about wasting their money on this they will spend it on the gigs, and festivals, this magazine would be perfect for these people.

3. What kind of media institution might distribute your media product and why?

I think that the media institution such as IPC Media would be the best one to distribute my magazine. This is because, although it already distributes magazines such as; NNM, Uncut, and kerragne etc. My magazine is aimed at a much younger audience than these, therefore there is definatly a gap in the market for this. In addition to this the fact that this already distributed music magazines, and is well known for this means that they will have loyal consumers who will be very dedicated to this and therefore may be more intuned with the magazine and be interested in the branch of a new music magazine.
I did have a look at other distributers however they were all influenced by 80's music and i feel that the people who would have been interested in those types of magazines would not be the age group that i am aiming my music magazine at so therefore they may not be interested in the launch of a new music magazine so therefore i didnt choose these ones. I also thought that the likes of 'Q' magazine distributers would not be likely to want to distribute a new music magazine which could potentally be in competition to one of their existing sucessfull magazines that they have dedicated fans for.

2. How does your media product represent particular social groups?

I have chosen to compair my image to an image from a rock band which was featured in kerrange, with the front cover image of my music magazine and then i will be able to explain how my magazine represents a particular social group.
The postures of both of these men are similar in the sense that they both are looking down to their guitar and have an edgey look to them. Also they are both looking serious in their facial expressions as if they are very dedicated about their music and dont care what anyone around them thinks, they are only intrested in making good rock music. The lighting in both of these images are also similar, as the real rock band features in the real music magazine has a grey tint to it, however it is black and white which the main image on my music magazine is also this colour. Although they both have different hairstyles it still has the same context as they both have long swisy hair which is definded to their context-rock. Overall i think that these elements of the photos represent a normal younge social group and that my magazine reflects that througout- the people featured in my magazine are quite 'normall' looking as there is nothing extreem or obscure about their image, as this is shown through their stance and how they are presented through their clothes so therefore i think that i have captured this well without given my main focussed image a unique image.

1. In what ways does your media product use, develop or challenge forms and conventions of real media products

In the making of my pliminary task, and my music magazine for some of our media lessons we had Alan Thompson in who was a media photoshop expert and he has helped me with learning how to use the technology, and i think that with his expert help it has helped me end up with my final professional looking maagzine.

1. The title of my music magazine

For the masterhead of my magazine i used paint, in order to make this as i wrote out the 'RIOT' title, and then used the paint brush in paint and coloured in the riot with the colour red, and then outlined this using black. I also left some spaces in the riot title blank so that i could then colour some of these in with the black paint to make my title stand out more. I stuck with the colours black and red because these colours seemed to be the calssic colours associated with rock- which is the genre of my magazine. For example it can be compaired to the magazine 'Q' as this magazine uses the colour red, and futhermore this can me compaired to magazines like the likes of 'Kerrange' as this is the colour black and has lines in this and is also coloured in using black which is simarly like my design.
However the masterhead for my magazine does challenge the codes and conventions of real magazines as the 'riot' is thick and bold, whereas the 'Q' is thin and sleek. This challnged the coventions of magazines because masterheads are normally thin and eyecatching. in spite of this, i think my masterhead works well because it combines the colours of two well known music magazines and encourapartes both of these designs and colours well, making it unique and therefore more eye catching, and something consumers will remember so therefore when they came to look up, or buy this magazine they would remember this very well.

2. Mis-en-scene of images

I think the mis-en-scene of my images follow the codes and conventions of magazines. This is because, i have used a variety of images ranging from a brick wall for the background on my contents page, similar to those used in magazines such as 'Kerrang!' and 'Rock Sound'. Also a black and white image of a guitarist, which fit in well with the concept of my magazine because they refflet the essence of rock that i was trying to capture within my work for this magazine. In addition to this, the majority of my images follow the conventions of magazines by displaying the guitarist as hard at work, and very concentrated not caring what any one else thinks, just caring about their music. This is portrayed by their mode of address- they are looking away from the camera, and then straight into the camera in all of the shots.

3. Costumes and props
The costumes and props which are used throughout ' RIOT' are conventional. This is because the band which i have used in my magazine ' DRIVEN OVERBOARD' wore clothes such as, skinny jeans and a top, with black shoes- which is the classic look for someone who is involved in a rock band, also having long hair swaying over their face which the image on the front of my music magazine has. All of these items could be found in real music magazines. In addition to this the props and features are commenly used in existing magazines as they are staples of a rock star image for example; sunglasses to create a rock star image, however i felt that the images that i have used provayed the connatations of rock very well into my music magazine so that i didnt need to use and improvations and props for my imaging.

4. People
The people who are used in my music magazine are quite unconventional. This is because they are younge and not strange or obscure in their appearance as some bands can be to try and expose themselves and their personality throughout their image which are feautured in rock band, in addition to this most of the bands which are out mowadays seem to be four/fiver pieces. Therefore i have been uncoventional by using a three piece band consistion of three males. However because my target audience is teenagers, with a slight biast towards males with the way that my magazine has been written i think that the uncoventional choice of people in relation to existing magazines, wont be an issue. This is because i used a male teenager as my main focus image on my front cover, using him as the main guitarist in focus, as oppose to the singer, the audience will therefore be able to relate and aspire to be like them; the target audience for my music magaizine are more likely to be intrested in a teenage band which is featured within this magazine, than a middle aged radical band.

3. Title font and style

I createdthe title 'RIOT' i used paint, in order to make this as i wrote out the 'RIOT' title, and then used the paint brush in paint and coloured in the riot with the colour red, and then outlined this using black. i think that my title is slightly unconventional in the sense that the letters are different sizes, and some have the black lines in them which i have coloured in using paint, and some of them are still white/grey which i have left like this to add effect to this. However i feel that by doing this, it will then appeal more to my teenage audience because of this visual imapt as most music magazines just have one block colour for their design of their title, and with mine i have included 3 off the maoin styles which are included in music magazines titles. In addition to this, the way the title looks wore away and as if it has been burnt away, it iks slighty rough and ragged which can convey the genre of my magazine-rock. This can then be shown as smilar to real music magazines like the ones which i have annalysed at the start of my of my project when designing the magazine.


6. Written content

The written content of my magazine follows the codes and conventions of real music magazines by covering similar topics and questions. For example; it asks about the bands first gig, and where this was played, whats on their ipod, how they came up with their name, what their album is about, and album dates etc. All of these topics could be found in a real music magazine aimed at teenagers and young adults. In addition to this, the standfirst follows conventions by introducing the band at the start of the interview, and saying what they are about etc. The standfirst follows the conventions by introducing the band at the start of the interview which i have stated above. Also the editors letter which i have featured on the top of the page for my music magzine contents page has a chatty, intresting and knowolagable approach to introducing what is in my magazine which is very conventional.

7. Music Genre and how your magazine suggests it

The main genre of my music magazine is rock, however there are some indi influences within this however they are not the main focus for example; i have based a double page interview on a rock band as well as using them for the main focus of my music magazine front cover. However there are still some underscovered indi acts which would have been included in my magazine, which there are some pictures of on my contents page. This is clear throughought my magazine due to the props on display. For Example, i used a plectrum as the page number for my contents and double page spread, a guitar as the image on the front page of the magazine with the guitaritist in motion. In addition to this, the bands that are listed on the front page are the same genre as those that are listed in the contents page. As well as this i have used red,black, and white colours throughout my magazine as the main focus point whicha re classic rock magazine colour. The mis-en-scene of the images then makes the main focus point of the eyes to look at my masterhead which is very bold and eyecatching. Real magazines suggest their genre due to the images and colurs that they have used throughout, so therefore my music magazine follow the codes and conventions of a real music magazine that is out in the market at this time.

8. Layout

The layout of my magazine is mainly conventional. This is highlighted on the double page spread which displayes and interview which is in colums beneath the album dates of the band and at the side of the image of the gitarist. As well as this, my fronmt cover follows layout conventions by having the masterhead at the top of the page and very bold so that it is very eye catching, and directs the readers attention to thi also in my double page spread there is a collumn at the far right hand side of the page which is the top 3 rated questions by the public which they wanted to ask the band so therefore it is involving them within the music magazine rather than just having the interview where we will have asked them all of the questions. Hoowever where the bar code is put is unconventional as it is displayed in a different way to it would have normally been in the bottom right hand corner.

9. Contents page

My contents page contains elements that follow the codes and conventions of an existing mysic magazine. For example it features an editoral which includes a hand written signature from the editor as well as a photo which involves the readers much more. However in comparison to the music magazine contents pages which i have deconstructed at the start of this project, the layout of my contents page is not a regimated and as block like where the likes of kerrange would be block colours and very defined images, which makes this slightly unconventional. However i feel that inspite of this the genre is still eveidently obvious to the reader due to the arrangement of the pimages and the brick wall which i have included for my pictures to have as a backdrop and the colours which i have used. i also used an un structural layout to try and make it more edgy and not boring and like ones which are out at the moment, thus being more appealing to my teenage audience.

Final Draft of my double page spread

Here is the final draft of my double page spread, in which i have made changes to my prervious one to try and make sure that i fit the audience that i was aiming my magazine at which was for the 'rock' genre. Also wanted there to not be lots and lots of writing to where the page looked crammed, however that there was enough so that it looked eye catching but the viewers would still want to buy the magazine to read the interview on driven overboard.

Music magazine double page spread first draft

We also needed to do a music magazine double page spread. For this i decided to base mine on a band which i have included in my magazine, and do a double page interview on them. Shown below is the first design of this double page interview.

Second draft of my school magazine front cover

This is another design that i did for my school magazine front cover.

First draft of my school magazine front cover

Here is the first ever school magazine front cover which i designed to be the front cover of this magazine.

Music magazine conents page final

For my music magazine content page, i have done one draft of this which i have published onto my blog, which was the first draft that i ever came up with for the design of this. However shown below is my final design for what i wanted my music magazine contents page to look like, although i also have another version of this just with different writing on it for the layout of this. i looked at various contents pages in order to choose what type of design i wanted to have as my final contents page design, and to help me with the ideas of what colour, etc to include in this.
shown below is my first draft of my conetnts page ideas.





i looked at this and evaluated what i have used, and then realised that there was too much writing to be included in my contents page and i changed the colours to then make them more bold and eye catching. Here is my final draft for my music magazine contents page.

Third draft as well as the final draft of my music magazine

Here is the third draft of my music magazine.

After looking at this music magazine i looked at the bottom of it where the "Driven overboard tour dates" was as wel as the image of driven overboard. As much as i liked this idea and thought that it was eye catching to have at the bottom of the music magazine. I thought that this made the magazine look a bit cramped and that there was too much going on, so therefore i changed this and decided to write this in much more toned down writing to still make sure that it was eye catching for the readers, however that it was still encourparated so that the vierwers would want to buy this magazine and would know exactly what was included in it and knowing that they would be able to see these tour dates before any one else. I also thought that the image on the front of this magazine was so eyecathing that i didnt want to have another image of diven overboard at the bottom as this breaks up the page and makes the page look quite messy and not thought about to where the possitioning of this picture should go. So therefore i decided to change this and not include the picture, and have much more tones down writing, still in the same colour scheme, so here is my final design of my music magazine front cover.

Second draft of my music magazine front cover

Here is another magazine front cover which i have designed, this is more what i wanted my magazine to look like in terms of the colour and imaging, and layout etc. However i looked more closely aty this and looked at hard the writing was to read and then decided to change this even further to m,ake sure that it reaches my target group and would be something that i am proud of producing. Here shown below is the second draft if my music magazine.

First draft of my music masgazine front cover

For my media coursework, we also had to make a music magazine, and a contents page as well as a double page spread. I went through lots of designs before i actually came up with the design of my final music magazine that i have done now. Here are the music magazines which i looked at which influenced my with my designs, and the first draft of the design that i was going for with my music magazine.

Final Draft of my school magazine contents page

I went through various different contents page designs, and took lots of different pictures before i cam up with this design, i got the images correct befrore i added any writing or anything that i wanted my front cover to include in it. once i had done this i tweaked alot of the writing etc for what i wanted to include in my contents page, and here is my final draft.

School Magazine contents page first draft

For the school magazine i also needec to do a contents page, so i looked at various contents pages for school magazines, and various other contents pages to help me with the ideas for my own contents page. i have done various contents page covers, and this is my first draft as well as the deconstructions which have helped me with the arrangements of my pictures and words or what would be included.

Final Draft of my School Magazine front cover

I went through various different front cover designs, and took lots of different pictures before i cam up with this design, i got the images correct befrore i added any writing or anything to the front cover. once i had done this i tweaked alot of the writing etc for what i wanted to include in my front cover design, and here is my final draft.